銀屑病
疾病簡(jiǎn)介
發(fā)病原因
銀屑病病因尚不明確，證據(jù)顯示有遺傳傾向4。免疫系統(tǒng)在銀屑病發(fā)病時(shí)扮演了何種角色也是研究的熱點(diǎn)。盡管有人提出銀屑病可能是一種自體免疫性疾病，然而至今沒(méi)有明確導(dǎo)致這種疾病的自身抗原。外源和內(nèi)源誘因也可引起銀屑病，包括輕微創(chuàng)傷、曬傷、感染、系統(tǒng)用藥以及壓力5。
臨床表現(xiàn)
銀屑病發(fā)于皮膚和指甲，并伴隨一系列合并癥。皮膚損傷位于局部或全身，對(duì)稱(chēng)居多，邊界清晰，紅疹和斑塊，通常覆蓋白色或銀色的鱗片。皮損引起瘙癢和刺痛。1.3%6至34.7%7的銀屑病患者患有慢性炎性關(guān)節(jié)炎（銀屑病性關(guān)節(jié)炎），導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)變形和殘疾。4.2%至69%的銀屑病病人有指甲病變8,9,10。報(bào)告稱(chēng)銀屑病患者更易患心血管疾病和其他非傳染性疾?。∟CDs）5,11,12。
疾病治療
銀屑病的治療仍基于控制癥狀?？捎镁植亢腿碇委熞约肮饩€療法。臨床常結(jié)合使用以上治療方法?；颊咄ǔＰ杞K身治療緩解疾病。至今為止，還未有完全治愈銀屑病的方法。此外，銀屑病患者的護(hù)理不僅包括治療皮損及關(guān)節(jié)損傷，還包括辨別和處理已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)或可能出現(xiàn)的常見(jiàn)合并癥，例如心血管和代謝疾病以及心理疾病。
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